|
|
The employment of wastes from food production
Hurčíková, Andrea ; Babák, Libor (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
The waste from agricultural and food industry are accessible in large quantity anywhere in the whole world nowadays. Most of these wastes include cellulose (30 - 40 %), hemicellulose (20 - 40 %) and lignine (10 - 20 %). Therefore these waste materials have wide use as the substrates for the microbial growth and the production of the enzymes. The microorganisms are able to use organic compounds from the wastes as the source of energy for the growth and carbon for synthesis of cellular biomass [24]. Wheat and rice straw are possible to use as the substrates for cultivation of the microorganisms and following production of the enzymes. In this thesis the utilization of the wastes from food industry for the production of the enzymes by the microorganisms was studied. We observed utilization of wheat straw as source of energy for growth of tested microorganisms and investigated their ability for the production of oxidoreductase (laccase). The optimalization of growth conditions of Aureobasidium pullulans was proceeded. Further the activity of laccase was studied. Milled wheat straw was used as the substrate. The cultivation was done in the thermoregulator at the temperature of 27°C. The activity of laccase was not found in this thesis. Petri dishes were contaminated by three unknown microoganisms during optimalization of growth of Aureobasidium pullulans. One of them produced laccase in cultivation with straw.
|
|
|
The chitosan-glucan complex isolated from Schizophyllum commune
Krčmář, Martin ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
Chitosan-glucan complex is fungal origin copolymer that finds application in medicine and cosmetics. Traditionally mycelium of Aspergillus and Penicillium is considered as industrial chitosan-glucan complex source, though utilization of Micromycetes in biotechnological productions is sometimes undesirable. The aim of the work was to study the possibility of Basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune submerged cultivation for industrial scale chitosan-glucan complex production use. Within the work there was studied effect of cultivation conditions (type and concentration of carbon sources in nutrient medium, ratio of carbon source to nitrogen source, medium initial pH and aeration intensity) on Sch. commune #127 mycelium growth, chitosan-glucan complex formation and exopolysaccharide synthesis. As the result, the method for chitosan-glucan complex production increase and exopolysaccharide synthesis suppression was suggested. Chitosan-glucan complex from Sch. commune #127 submerged mycelium was separated by successive alkali and acid treatments. Effects of alkali concentration and application technique, and type of acid on physical and chemical properties of chitosan-glucan complex were described. Analytical methods for in process control and final product characteristics were suggested.
|
|
|
Molecular identification of Armillaria
SALZMANOVÁ, Kateřina
Armillaria species causes economic losses in forestry in the Czech Republic. Combination of drought stress, Armillaria infection and bark beetles (Ips typographus) is the main reason on tree mortality in Norway spruce (Picea abies) plantation. The theoretical part describes genus Armillaria. There is desribed the role in Norway spruce mortality and the controle of Armillaria root rot of trees. Review also includes molecular markers used in Armillaria identification and description and principle of methods used in this study. The aim of this thesis was identification of Armillaria species came from drought stressed forrests from the Czech Republic. Molecular analysis was based on polymorphisms in the translational elongation factor alpha gene (EF 1 alpha). The empirical part presents the results of the study. The studied population consisted 92 samples of Armillaria DNA came from drought stressed forrests. The results confirmed the highest incidence of Armillaria ostoyae (66 samples). There were identified also Armillaria cepistipes (22 samples) and Armillaria gallica (5 samples). The results was used to build phylogenetic tree.
|
|
|
Characterization of fungal community in spruce (Picea abies) litter using cultivation and T-RFLP
Kolářová, Zuzana ; Koukol, Ondřej (advisor) ; Brabcová, Vendula (referee)
Fungi have a key role in the decomposition of coniferous litter and affect nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Therefore, great emphasis is placed on exploring the diversity of these organisms. The aim of this thesis was to describe fungal diversity in spruce litter and revealed temporal development of this community in a forest regenerating after bark beetle outbreak. Another objective was to compare sites with different length of bark beetle damage. The study area was located in the Bohemian Forest mountain range. Litter bags with spruce needles were placed on the forest soil and several samplings were performed in the course of three years. Diversity of fungi and changes in the fungal community were assessed by two methods: cultivation of needles on 2ř MEA and fingerprinting method T-RFLP. In total 71 fungal species were obtained from needles during a three-year succession by cultivation approach. Using T-RFLP 122 different fragments were generally recorded. The dominant species were Scleroconidioma sphagnicola, Thysanophora penicillioides, Hormonema dematiodes, Ceuthospora pinastri, species of genus Chalara, Trichoderma polysporum, Mycena galopus and unknown species Helotiales sp. 1. Primary saprotrophs occured in the community mainly in first 8 months and then were replaced by basidiomycetes....
|
|
|
Characterization of fungal community in spruce (Picea abies) litter using cultivation and T-RFLP
Kolářová, Zuzana ; Koukol, Ondřej (advisor) ; Brabcová, Vendula (referee)
Fungi have a key role in the decomposition of coniferous litter and affect nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Therefore, great emphasis is placed on exploring the diversity of these organisms. The aim of this thesis was to describe fungal diversity in spruce litter and revealed temporal development of this community in a forest regenerating after bark beetle outbreak. Another objective was to compare sites with different length of bark beetle damage. The study area was located in the Bohemian Forest mountain range. Litter bags with spruce needles were placed on the forest soil and several samplings were performed in the course of three years. Diversity of fungi and changes in the fungal community were assessed by two methods: cultivation of needles on 2ř MEA and fingerprinting method T-RFLP. In total 71 fungal species were obtained from needles during a three-year succession by cultivation approach. Using T-RFLP 122 different fragments were generally recorded. The dominant species were Scleroconidioma sphagnicola, Thysanophora penicillioides, Hormonema dematiodes, Ceuthospora pinastri, species of genus Chalara, Trichoderma polysporum, Mycena galopus and unknown species Helotiales sp. 1. Primary saprotrophs occured in the community mainly in first 8 months and then were replaced by basidiomycetes....
|
|
|
The chitosan-glucan complex isolated from Schizophyllum commune
Krčmář, Martin ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
Chitosan-glucan complex is fungal origin copolymer that finds application in medicine and cosmetics. Traditionally mycelium of Aspergillus and Penicillium is considered as industrial chitosan-glucan complex source, though utilization of Micromycetes in biotechnological productions is sometimes undesirable. The aim of the work was to study the possibility of Basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune submerged cultivation for industrial scale chitosan-glucan complex production use. Within the work there was studied effect of cultivation conditions (type and concentration of carbon sources in nutrient medium, ratio of carbon source to nitrogen source, medium initial pH and aeration intensity) on Sch. commune #127 mycelium growth, chitosan-glucan complex formation and exopolysaccharide synthesis. As the result, the method for chitosan-glucan complex production increase and exopolysaccharide synthesis suppression was suggested. Chitosan-glucan complex from Sch. commune #127 submerged mycelium was separated by successive alkali and acid treatments. Effects of alkali concentration and application technique, and type of acid on physical and chemical properties of chitosan-glucan complex were described. Analytical methods for in process control and final product characteristics were suggested.
|
|
|
The employment of wastes from food production
Hurčíková, Andrea ; Babák, Libor (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
The waste from agricultural and food industry are accessible in large quantity anywhere in the whole world nowadays. Most of these wastes include cellulose (30 - 40 %), hemicellulose (20 - 40 %) and lignine (10 - 20 %). Therefore these waste materials have wide use as the substrates for the microbial growth and the production of the enzymes. The microorganisms are able to use organic compounds from the wastes as the source of energy for the growth and carbon for synthesis of cellular biomass [24]. Wheat and rice straw are possible to use as the substrates for cultivation of the microorganisms and following production of the enzymes. In this thesis the utilization of the wastes from food industry for the production of the enzymes by the microorganisms was studied. We observed utilization of wheat straw as source of energy for growth of tested microorganisms and investigated their ability for the production of oxidoreductase (laccase). The optimalization of growth conditions of Aureobasidium pullulans was proceeded. Further the activity of laccase was studied. Milled wheat straw was used as the substrate. The cultivation was done in the thermoregulator at the temperature of 27°C. The activity of laccase was not found in this thesis. Petri dishes were contaminated by three unknown microoganisms during optimalization of growth of Aureobasidium pullulans. One of them produced laccase in cultivation with straw.
|
|
|
The role of wood decay fungi in the dynamics of a mountain spruce forest
POUSKA, Václav
This thesis is focused on environmental preferences of wood-decaying fungi and their relationships with forest structure and development. Relationships of fungi to properties of wood and forest stands were studied on the basis of field observations in Central-European mountain spruce forests. Plot-based approach was used to reveal a general pattern in the diversity of fungi within a single forest stand and between different stands. The analysis of stand structure provided a background for plot-based approach. Substrate-based approach was used to study single species preferences and their communities. In addition, the influence of wood properties (including fungi and their rots) on the regeneration of spruce on logs was studied.
|
|
| |
guest ::
